Author note — to cover

Judge whether a dice, coin or spinner is fair by comparing each relative frequency with its theoretical share, giving a verdict backed by a calculation and hedged when trials are few. Both tiers. No formal hypothesis tests or chi-squared, which belong to A level statistics; sample-size reasoning continues on the sibling page. (P2, P5)

• Fluency — direct questions on detecting bias, limited to this lesson's stated scope (4 questions).
• Application — use the same skill in unfamiliar or contextual questions without introducing a later method (4 questions).
• Check — questions built around the exclusions and likely misconceptions named in the lesson brief (4 questions).