Bias and sample size
Pages
Comparing experimental and theoretical probability
Setting relative frequency against theory, and describing the gap between them.
Detecting bias
Judging whether a dice or spinner is fair, and how large a gap is suspicious.
The effect of sample size
Why relative frequency settles towards the true probability as trials increase.
Choosing the best estimate
Trusting the estimate backed by the most trials, and pooling results into one.
Practice
Practice
Comparing experimental and theoretical probability
Setting relative frequency against theory, and describing the gap between them.
PracticeDetecting bias
Judging whether a dice or spinner is fair, and how large a gap is suspicious.
PracticeThe effect of sample size
Why relative frequency settles towards the true probability as trials increase.
PracticeBias and sample size review
Verdicts on fairness, best estimates, and what more trials change.